Maya Codices

Dresden | Paris | Madrid | Grolier

Dresden - page 59 (bottom)
GBonline

There are four Maya codices, usually known by the name
of the city in which they are now located. They are made from
tree bark that has been flattened, covered with a lime paste &
folded accordion-style. They are usually written on both sides.


Dresden - page 59

  • Dresden Codex

      Current location:
      Staatsarchiv, Dresden, Germany

      Amatl paper screenfold painted
      on both sides. 39 leaves, 4 blank.

    Published in Kingsborough Antiguidades de Mexico Volume III. (A copy drawn by Aglio around 1825-30 for this edition is in the British Museum).

.

.

Facsimile reproduction by Ernst Forstemann,1880 with commentary. This was an early example of a "photographic" process known as "chromolithography". The black and white images were reused for an 1892 edition. Additional commentary appeared in German through 1901. Summary edition of previous work in English translation with revisions by the author was published in the Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University,4(2) pgs. 49-269 Cambridge 1906.

There were other graphical reproductions published in the first half of the 20th century, most importantly the 1930 edition redrawn by Villacorta & Villacorta, which originally appeared in serial form in a Mexican periodico. While there are a few specific errors in the drawings, it is probably the most serviceable edition and (as a publication that appeared just behind the wire for modern copyright laws) is generally available from a number of sources. The Spanish commentaries are not considered accurate and as such are not particularly useful.

  • The Villacorte y Villacorte material was republished in The Dresden Codex : Drawings of the Pages and Commentary in Spanish (Mayan Studies Series, No 3) Amazon.

    (Aegean Park Press would have been more correct to have dubbed these publications the Maya Study Series, since they are studies of the writing system, and are not studies of the Mayan language. Technically speaking, the word Mayan should only be used to refer to the "Mayan" language, and not to Maya culture elements such as the writing system.)

The most complete work on the Dresden is Commentary on the Dresden Codex Amazon by Eric Thompson. The 1972 original printing of this was only 1000 copies, so if you find it you're pretty lucky. A more widely available recent impression has been published by Fondo Cultura Economica in Spanish as Commentarios al Codice Dresde (check with your local bookseller, it may be out of print).

The reproduction used for the Thompson edition were based on black & white photographs from the earlier Forstemann printing, and were hand colored for this publication. In the original 1972 printing, images of the codex pages are printed three to a page side by side in an oversized volume. Commentarios al Codice Dresde restores the codex pages to their original order in screenfold format, and is sold with Thompson's text in Spanish translation as a two volume set.




(There's not much more there on the Dresden Codex other than this
image courtesy of the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center.)


    The pictures at the top and top left of this section are from Page 59 of the Dresden. The original scanned image can be viewed in your browser here. It's a huge picture (1125x1054 pixels; 407KB) and includes Page 59 and Page 47 (slightly cropped at the top).

    This photo was taken from the book Pre-columbian Art and later Indian Tribal Arts Amazon by Ferdinand Anton and Frederick J. Dockstader, Harry N. Abrams Publishers, no copyright date given (my guess would be 1968); used without permission. Thanks to Steve Kruse for providing this scanned image.

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Paris Codex - 
Handbook for a Maya Priest

  • Paris Codex

    Current location: Bibliotheque Nacional, Paris, France

    Amatl paper screenfold painted
    on both sides. 11 leaves.

    New BnF : image : Codex de Paris

(Cover photo on left is copyright
1994 University of Texas Press)

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The first comprehensive commentary was published by Ernst Forstemann in 1903. (An unpublished English translation resides in the Peabody Museum Library).

The Codex is stored in Paris today in a sealed glass case which hasn't been opened in this century, for fear of damaging it. The reproduction available from Graz is a reconstruction using the Forstemann lithographs created in the late 1800s, and hand coloring extrapolated from the two pages that are visible in the current glass case.

The relatively thin bibliography of recent books published on any of the Maya codices was significantly updated by Bruce Love's The Paris Codex : Handbook for a Maya Priest Amazon. Published by the University of Texas in 1994, it includes an introduction by George Stuart that provides an annotated publication history.

I encourage you to visit your local bookseller and order
a copy of The Paris Codex : Handbook for a Maya Priest
You can also place an order online at Amazon.Com where
you'll find what is ostensibly an interview with the author.


Paris Codex - 
Tonsured Maize God (pg 11)

James B. Porter | Maya Glyphs

Including a paper on the Paris Codex
with extensive bibliographic information.
(Thanks to Dr. Porter for
the image on the right.)

Mayanist & graphics artist James B. Porter has an online paper on the Paris Codex with extensive commentary and bibliographic information. It includes a detailed analysis of the physical construction, composition and content of the manuscript.

Beyond the unique value of this self-published paper for students and researchers, the most important contribution of these pages are the carefully researched and meticulously rendered drawings of all pages from this document. Scholars and enthusiasts now have a valuable resource for the study of the Codex Peresianus that can be accessed across the globe.

There are many other interesting papers and topics on the archaeology of Precolumbian Mesoamerican Indians at Dr. Porter's Maya Glyphs site. His Hall of Shame has precipitated a move to a new web site location, last known address at http://members.xoom.com/mayaglyphs/ that includes comments documenting the reasons for the move.
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Madrid snippet

  • Madrid Codex

    Current location: Museo del Americas, Madrid

    Amatl paper screenfold painted
    on both sides. 56 leaves.

Commentary by Ernst Forstemann, 1902, 1903 (Unpublished English translations in the Peabody Museum Library).

    Eric Thompson on the Madrid: "...appears to be of late date (15th century?); workmanship is crude and careless. The use of Yucatecan-Campeche year bearers is a pretty clear indication of when it was composed. ...Largely confined to divinatory almanacs, which include hunting, beekeeping, and idolmaking; it has no astronomical information"

I think that the quality of "workmanship" is prejudiced, in this case, by a personal asthetic perspective. See for yourself by viewing this graphic from a server in the UK.

  • For the most recent scholarship on the Madrid Codex, check out the collection of Papers on the Madrid Codex Amazon edited by Victoria Reifler Bricker and Gabrielle Vail, with papers by Chrisopher L. von Nagy, Cassandra R. Bill, Donald H. Graff, and the editors.

New Several pages from the Madrid can be viewed at Troano Codex, created by Stephen Short at SMU's Central University Libraries Government Resources page.

Glyph passage above with example of T791 was
crudely scanned from the fine Graz edition and
carelessly converted to a transparent GIF with
commensurate reckless abandon by GBonline

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Grolier Codex

Unlike the other three, this codex takes it name from the place where it was originally exhibited (today it is in a private collection). First published in 1973 in the exhibit catalog for this show called The Maya Scribe and His World Amazon, by Michael Coe.

It's a little difficult to see in the graphic above, but you'll note that each page has a single column of repeating calendrical glyphs, and a maya numeral tied in a bundle. This is quite a bit different from the more complex glypic texts, read typically in paired columns, found in the other three codices. It is most like pages found in the Paris Codex.

New MAYAVASE.com | The Grolier Codex

An even better source of the Grolier is now available
at Justin Kerr's fantastic Maya Vase site. Check it out!

The image above is from the interesting Belize Archaeology site (with their permission). They don't attribute the source, but my guess is that it's from National Geographic. Muchas gracias for putting the Grolier on the web!

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