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DA-100X
192 KHz D/A CONVERTER - ANALOG PREAMP
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DIGITAL SPECIFICATIONS
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| DIGITAL INPUTS : | #1 & #2 with S/PDIF and AES/EBU
#3 with S/PDIF only.
No Optical: See Feature |
| Impedance : | 75 Ω, 110 Ω |
| Connector : | Phono (S/PDIF), XLR (AES) |
| RECEIVER: Sample Rate : | 32 - 192 KHz, 16-24 bits (CD, DAT, DVD-A and true hardware variable-pitch CD)
Note *15. Variable Pitch |
| Input Format : | S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital InterFace) |
| Error Detection : | (1) Validity Bit High |
| (2) Confidence Flag High |
| (3) Slipped Sample |
| (4) CRC Error (Pro only) |
| (5) Parity Error |
| (6) Bi-Phase Coding Error |
| (7) No PLL Lock |
| Error Indicator : | Red/Green LED |
| RESET ON ERROR FUNCTION : |
250 millisecond reset delay after error clears.
(Insures data stream is valid when RESET is released.)
See Feature
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| DIGITAL OUTPUT : | 1 with S/PDIF and AES/EBU |
| Impedance : | 75 Ω, 110 Ω |
| Connector : | Phono (S/PDIF), XLR (AES) |
| TRANSMITTER: Sample Rate : | 32 - 192 KHz, 16-24 bits |
| Output Format : | S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital InterFace) |
| Output Source : | Digital In from Receiver (buffered) |
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| DIGITAL FILTER: : | Upsampling (ASRC) vs. Interpolation |
| ASRC: Output Rate : | 192 KHz |
| Precision : | 24 bits |
| Taps : | 64 |
| Jitter Rejection : | Rejects all,(Inherently Re-clocks) unless severe jitter causes Receiver data errors |
| Distortion : | -123 dB Distortion Graphs |
| INTERPOLATION: Rate : | 4X, 2 Stage FIR |
| Attenuation Characteristic : | Sharp, Slow (Rear Panel Switch Select)
See Feature |
| Taps : | Sharp : 161, 37
Slow : 29, 37 |
| Attenuation : | Sharp : -120 dB
Slow : -110 dB |
| Final clock rate to DAC's : | 768 KHz |
| Output Master Clock Jitter : | <10 pS, Typical |
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| D/A CONVERTER: Type : | True 24 bit sign-magnitude architecture |
| Glitch Energy : | Glitch-free by design |
| Frequency Response : | 0-20 KHz, ± 0.1 dB
(No DC blocking / coupling capacitors)
Note *4. Dielectric Absorption in Capacitors |
| THD, @ 1.1 KHz { 0 dB : | -102 dB (0.0008 %) Distortion Graphs |
| {-20 dB : | -84 dB (0.006 %) |
| Dynamic Range : | 120 dB |
| Low Level Linearity : | ± 0.5 dB @ -90 dB |
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| I/V CONVERTER: Type : | Voltage Feedback |
| Input Impedance : |
True Virtual Ground
See Feature |
| Slew Rate : | 105 V/µS |
| Gain-Bandwidth Product : | 72 MHz |
| Noise : | 4.3 nV/√Hz |
| Distortion : | -120 dB (0.0001 %) Distortion Graphs |
| Full scale output level : | 2.4 Volts peak |
| Inherent Anti-Alias Filter : | Min, Max (Rear Panel Switch Select)
See Feature |
| Attenuation @ 768 KHz : | - 35 dB |
| Phase shift @ 20 KHz : | Min : 3 °
Max : 18 ° |
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| D/A POST (Anti-Alias) FILTER: Type : | 3rd order notch See Feature |
| Total Attenuation @ 768 KHz : | -111 dB, including I/V stage |
| Total Phase shift @ 20 KHz : | 8 ° |
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ANALOG SPECIFICATIONS
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| Rated Output Voltage : | 1.414 Volts RMS (± 11 Volts Peak) |
| Recommended Load : | ≥ 10 KΩ |
| Output Impedance (Any Output) : | True Virtual Ground
Note *3.a. Balanced I/O
Note *3.b. True Virtual Ground |
| Rated THD : | 0.0003 % (-110 dB) |
| Rated IMD : | 0.0003 % (-110 dB) Distortion Graphs |
| Slew Rate : | ± 50 Volts/µS |
| Gain-Bandwidth Product : | 16 MHz |
| DC Offset : | ±2 mV maximum, ±200 µV typical |
| Frequency Response : | DC - 180 KHz, +0/-3 dB
(No DC blocking / coupling capacitors)
Note *4. Dielectric Absorption in Capacitors |
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| Input Source : | Phono MM | Phono MC | Line Level |
| Rear panel Locking-Bushing switch select MM / MC 0dB / MC 20dB | |
RIAA Conformity :
Modified IEC FLow :
Neumann FHigh : | ± 0.1 dB, 20 Hz - 20 KHz
4 Hz (-3 dB, 1st Order)
Implemented IEC/Neumann Note | |
| Input Impedance : | 47 KΩ, 100 pF Note | 500 Ω, 100 pF Note | 10 KΩ |
| Signal/Noise, unweighted : | -81 dB, re:5mV @ 1KHz | 0dB: Same as MM
20dB: -70 dB, re:0.5mV @ 1 KHz | -110 dB, re:1V |
| Gain to REC OUT : | 100 V/V (+40 dB), @ 1 KHz | 0dB: Same as MM
20dB: 1000 V/V (+60 dB) @ 1 KHz | 1 V/V (0 dB) |
| Gain Adjust : | 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 V/V (-6, 0, +6 dB)
Internal jumper select See Feature | (Same, Optional)
See Feature |
| Gain REC OUT to MASTER OUT : | 1.0 V/V (0 dB)
See 3PBP Crossover Feature |
| REC OUT to HEADPHONES : | 5.0 V/V (+14 dB) |
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| 3-Band Tone Control : | Bass, Mid-range, Treble |
| Gain : | 2.0 dB/Step, ± 5 Steps, ± 10 dB Total |
| Tone Control L/R Channel Tracking Error : | ± 0.1 dB
See Feature |
Master Volume Attenuation with
REMOTE UNIT attached : | -15, -25, -35 dB, Internal jumper select See Feature |
| Headphone Power : | 8 Watts RMS / Channel @ 8 Ω |
| Overall Dimensions : | 19" W x 3.2" H x 8.5" D |
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ADDITIONAL FEATURES DIGITAL SECTION
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Interpolation / decimation and upsampling / downsampling
are both forms of Sample Rate Conversion. Interpolation / decimation
is generally accepted to mean Sample Rate Conversion by a power of 2 integer, typically
a factor of 2, 4, 8, (or 1/2, 1/4, 1/8) etc.
Upsampling / downsampling (or Asynchronous Sample Rate Conversion) refers to
Sample Rate Conversion by non-integer factors.
The algorithms used to implement each are quite different and apparently
exhibit unique sonic characteristics;
an ASRC operating at an integer multiple DOES NOT
yield the same result as an Interpolation Filter.
Our observations have revealed that upsampling to 192 KHz, 24 bits, then
interpolating 4X to 768 KHz yields the most natural-sounding
high-frequency character. Also, upsampling
Inherently Re-clocks the
incoming digital data, allowing the master clock for critical output
timing to be based on a precision low-jitter clock instead of
the recovered clock from the receiver chip, which may have
large jitter.
Excessive jitter can also be introduced by any IC that handles the digital data,
whether in a CD player or outboard D/A converter; our design
also minimizes / eliminates these other sources of timing fluctuations.
In any event, as long as jitter is not so severe as to cause data errors, it is of
no consequence until the L/R clock outputs the analog signal at the D/A
converter, where jitter causes offensive levels of IM distortion.
Jitter refers to small variations in the clock frequency; during
the time the clock is running slightly faster, audio data is
clocked out at a slightly faster rate, causing the frequency or
pitch of the music to be higher. While the clock is
running slower the pitch will be lower. Typically,
jitter will be occurring at a high rate such that the most noticeable
audible effect will be a slurring of the high-frequency detail in
the music, similar to Modulation / IM distortion
in loudspeakers.
It should also be noted that digital clock jitter is typically
random in nature; there is a subtle difference
in the perceived sound character of IM distortion induced by a
random phenomenon versus that arising from musical signal
interaction.
Note *1. Distortion Audibility
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Extensive studies over the last 100 years
have consistently revealed that the human ear is at least 10
times more sensitive to IM distortion than harmonic distortion.
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User select Sharp / Slow Interpolation Filter
Characteristic. There are conflicting views
about the correct implementation of interpolation filters;
ultimately, the correct choice is the one that sounds most
pleasing to the listener.
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Single-Chip Dual-DAC's for each channel which share the same laser
trimmed R-2R ladder with matched temperature coefficient offer
performance unachievable with Discrete-Chip Dual-DAC topology.
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Proprietary I/V Converter Input Stage
maintains True Virtual Ground input impedance
for the current output of the D/A converter stage. Conventional
circuit topologies exhibit an increasing impedance at high frequencies
resulting in a significant rise in distortion at high frequencies,
accounting for most of the pervasive "grungy digital sound"
that is NOT PRESENT in the
DA-100.
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User select I/V Filter Characteristic.
Our I/V Converter Stage has an inherent anti-alias
filter function which can be optimized for use without the
conventional active 2nd stage post-filter.
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10 regulated digital power supplies, 4 of which are double-regulated.
6 regulated analog power supplies.
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User select System Reset on Receiver Error.
It is possible for the Digital Receiver to "loose it's place"
when the incoming data stream contains certain kinds of errors;
initiating a reset after the error is cleared insures proper
operation and guarantees the best fidelity.
This function is also useful for detecting low-quality CD's
or CD players that need adjustment;
if the CD player sets the Validity Bit when un-correctable
errors occur, the music will momentarily mute, alerting the
listener. Defective CD's which routinely cause
muting can then be returned / exchanged, or players that
generate errors on disks that are known to be good can
be serviced.
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Note this feature only works with PROPERLY
DESIGNED CD players that set an error bit in the output digital
data stream when un-correctable read errors occur.
Many high- and low-end players on the market today choose not
to implement this feature in an attempt to hide an inferior
design.
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1 digital output, with IEC (phono) and AES (XLR) connectors;
transmitter output taken from selected Digital In.
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No Optical Digital I/O. Extensive tests have revealed degraded
performance with optical; optical specification does not support
sample rates beyond 48 KHz.
More info on Digital I/O
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ADDITIONAL FEATURES ANALOG SECTION
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User select D/A Post Filter Bypass when
using the
Remote Unit.
Since an Anti-Alias Filter is incorporated
into the volume control buffer of the Remote
Unit, the entire signal path from D/A Converter to
Master Out can contain as few as 2 active gain stages
(I/V Converter and Volume Buffer/Filter).
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In order to minimize the number of active gain stages, the
Master Volume Control is bypassed when the
Remote Unit is attached and active.
As a safety precaution, the Master Volume is attenuated when
the Remote Unit is attached but inactive.
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Phono Stage Gain Adjust compensates for
the different output level of various cartridges allowing a
close match to Line Level Inputs.
* Optional values for RL, CL on request.
* The IEC augmented RIAA specifies F Low 1st order rolloff
-3 dB at 20 Hz. Better results are obtained using a 3rd order
infrasonic filter at 8 - 15 Hz, as implemented in the 3BPB Electronic Crossover.
* The Neumann augmented RIAA specifies high-frequency shelving
at 50 KHz.
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Optional Line Level Input Buffer Stage
with selectable gain. Standard configuration
uses no un-necessary active line level buffers in order to
minimize the number of active gain stages in the signal path.
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1% film resistors.
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10 regulated digital power supplies, 4 of which are double-regulated.
6 regulated analog power supplies.
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Low-noise ultra-low-distortion laser-trimmed gain stages;
2-stage phono section utilizes ultra-wide bandwidth first stage.
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All electro-mechanical devices (switches, connectors, etc.)
Gold Plated (Gold
does not tarnish and degrade performance).
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Switched-resistor level controls for Tone EQ section
allow repeatable, calibrated gain settings with precise L/R
channel tracking.
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Volume Control potentiometers have Conductive
Plastic Element with Multi-finger Wiper
for long-life, low-noise operation.
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Loudne