Sources for the Astronaut and Cosmonaut Database

This database was compiled from several sources:

• Space Demographics compiled by William Harwood from the spaceflightnow.com news website
• Johnson Space Center's Astronaut Biographies website
• Johnson Space Center's Shuttle Press Kits website
• NASA's Human Spaceflight website
• Mark Wade's astronautix.com (Encyclopedia Astronautica) website
• the spacefacts.de (Space Facts) website
• the National Space Science Data Center's Master Catalog: Spacecraft (NSSDC)
• the Kennedy Space Center website
• the Soviet Space Web website
• the Russian Space Web website
• Gunter's Space Page website
• the Piloted (manned) Astronautics website
• MirCorp's website and various news articles

The dates for planned Space Shuttle missions are compiled from NASA's Human Spaceflight website, the Kennedy Space Center website and the Unofficial Space Shuttle Manifest. The dates for upcoming Soyuz and Shenzhou missions are compiled from the spacefacts.de website and news articles. Planned missions are added when the crews are officially announced.

The spacewalk information is from NASA Human Spaceflight website, Kennedy Space Center website and the Encyclopedia Astronautica. The Soyuz TM-30 spacewalk information was found on MirCorp's website.

The titles of the crew positions on the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project spaceflights were found at the Kennedy Space Center website. The titles of the crew positions on the Space Shuttle, Shuttle-Mir and International Space Station flights were found at both the Kennedy Space Center website and NASA's Human Spaceflight website. The X-15 flight information was found on the Encyclopedia Astronautica website.

Finding the crew position titles on the Soviet and Russian spaceflights were more difficult, since I had trouble locating one site with the information. I found the titles of crew positions on some Soviet and Russian spaceflights from various sources. I did find two sites with the crew positions titles: spacefacts.de and Piloted (manned) Astronautics.

• Vostok 1 - 6 : NSSDC
• Voskhod 1 - 2 : NSSDC & Encyclopedia Astronautica
• Soyuz 1, 3 - 13 : NSSDC
• Soyuz 19 : Kennedy Space Center website (ASTP crew biographies)
• Soyuz T-9 - T-14, TM-22: Encyclopedia Astronautica
• Soyuz TM-7, TM-12, TM-13 : Johnson Space Center's Astronaut Biographies website (Sergei Krikalyov's biography)
• Soyuz TM-21, TM-23 - TM-27 : NASA's Human Spaceflight website (Shuttle-Mir history's Russian crew list)
• Soyuz TM-28 - TM-29 : NSSDC & Encyclopedia Astronautica
• Soyuz TM-30 : MirCorp's press release about the mission
• Soyuz TM-31 - TM-34, TMA-1 - TMA-5: NASA's Human Spaceflight website (International Space Station status reports)
• Gennadi Strekalov and Vladimir Titov's crew position titles for their spaceflights are from their biographies at the Johnson Space Center's Astronaut Biographies website.
• The remaining Soviet and Russian spaceflights had their crew position titles figured out from the cosmonaut biographies posted on the Encyclopedia Astronautica, and a few other sources.
• I also confirmed the crew position titles with the spacefacts.de website.

The backup crew information for the American spaceflights is from the Kennedy Space Center website and Gunter's Space Page. The backup crew information for the Soviet/Russian spaceflights is from Encyclopedia Astronautica and the Piloted (manned) Astronautics website.

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Updated - March 26, 2006