|
Timeline of Lycée
Sisowath's History
| Traditional
education in Cambodia was limited to boys and was carried out by Buddhist
monks in wats, or temples.
Wat-school
education served a broader purpose than literacy. Wat-school
education emphasized the importance of work, as students "worked with
the monks to build temples, dwellings, roads, bridges, and water
reservoirs and to manufacture...furniture and other things" (Torhorst,
1966, p. 154).
Wat-school curriculum usually consisted of "reading and writing
Khmer [the Cambodian language], principles of Buddhism, rules of
propriety, [and] some arithmetic" (Gyallay-Pap, 1989, p. 258). |
| Cambodia
became a French protectorate in 1863 (Osborne, 1969). |
|
1873
|
The
first of "modern" Franco-Cambodian schools was the
French-language School of the Protectorate, in Phnom Penh (Morizon, 1931,
p. 178) |
| Franco-Cambodian
schools came to be dominated by Vietnamese immigrant children (Forest,
1980). In 1883, for example, only 8 of the 100-plus students at the School
of the Protectorate were Cambodians (Forest, 1980, p. 150-151). |
|
1893
|
The School of
the Protectorate was renamed Collège of the Protectorate(Bilodeau,
1955). |
| Following
the establishment of the Franco-Cambodian Norodom School in Phnom Penh in
1903 (Forest, 1980, p. 152), schools were opened in most provincial
capitals. |
| Sisowath
ascent to the throne after King Norodom's (his brother) death in 1904. |
|
1905
|
The
Collège of the Protectorate in Phnom Penh, renamed Collège Sisowath
(Forest, 1980, p. 152). |
| A school for girls was opened
within the Norodom School in 1911 (Morizon, 1931, p. 185). |
| At
the Norodom School for Girls in 1912 & Norodom School for Boys in
1917, the choice of Vietnamese as the language of education was
authorized" (Forest,1980, p. 156). |
| A
1916 decree required the attendance of all boys living within two
kilometers of a French school (Bilodeau, 1955, p. 17). |
|
1923
|
The French opened a four-year
training course for instituteurs at the Collège Sisowath (Morizon, 1931,
p. 187). |
|
1925
|
The French initiated at the
Collège Sisowath a shorter course for instituteurs auxiliares (Morizon,
1931, p. 187) |
| Only
six Cambodians had graduated with baccalauréats from French lycées in
Vietnam by 1930 (Chandler, 1993, p. 160) |
| As in the 19th century, the
Collège prepared students for service in the French colonial
administration. The Collège prepared students for the judiciary and the
indigenous administration, including the offices of the survey, public
works, and post and telegraphs. Students were [also] introduced to
mechanical engineering, physics, chemistry, and natural history. Cambodian
law and accounting were also taught. (Morizon, 1931, p. 186) |
|
1933
|
The
Collège Sisowath became the Lycée Sisowath (Népote, 1979, p. 775) |
|
1935
|
Lycée
Sisowath instituted an upgraded secondary curriculum in 1935 (Népote,
1979, p. 775) |
|
1939
|
The
first Cambodian students graduated from the Lycée Sisowath with
baccalauréats |
| 1953 Kingdom of Cambodia became
independent State. |
| Only 144 [Cambodians] had completed
the full Baccalauréat
by 1954 (Kiernan,
1985, p. xiii). |
|
1967
|
Introduction
of Khemarak-yeanakkam.
Ministry of Education took all the measures to use the Khmer language in
all education levels (Le Sangkum, 1967).
|
| 1970 Khmer Republic |
|
1971
|
Lycée
Sisowath renamed the Lycée Phnom Daun Penh. |
| 1975 Democratic Kampuchea |
|
1975
|
 |
| 1979
People's Republic of Kampuchea |
|
Before
1975, the education is a 13 years (6+4+2+1) education system.
After
1979, a 10-year education system (4+3+3) was adopted, expanded to an
11-year education system from 1986 and 12-year
education system (6+3+3) in the 1996-97 school year. |
| 1989 State of Cambodia |
| 1993
Kingdom of Cambodia |
|
1996
|
Reintroduction franco-khmère
section at Lycée Sisowath. |
References:
Bilodeau,
C. (1955). Compulsory education in Cambodia. In C. Bilodeau, S. Pathammavong,
& Q.H. Le, Compulsory education in Cambodia, Laos and Viet-Nam. Paris:
Unesco.
Chandler, D.P. (1993). A history of Cambodia (2nd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview
Press.
Corfield,
J. and Summers, L. (2003). Historical Dictionary of Cambodia. Lanham, MD:
Scarecrow Press
Forest, A. (1980). Le Cambodge et la colonisation française: Histoire d'une
colonisation sans heurts (1897-1920). Paris: Éditions L'Harmattan.
Gyallay-Pap, P. (1989). Reclaiming a shattered past: Education for the displaced
Khmer in Thailand. Journal of Refugee Studies
Kiernan, B. (1985). How Pol Pot came to power: A history of communism in
Kampuchea, 1930-1975. London: Verso.
Morizon, R. (1931). Monographie du Cambodge. Hanoi: Imprimerie d'Extreme-Orient.
Népote, J. (1979). Education et développement dans le Cambodge moderne. Mondes
en Développement
Vann, M. (1967).Journal
Le Sangkum. Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Torhorst,
M. (1966). The development of the educational system in the Kingdom of Cambodia.
In Educational systems of some developing countries in Africa and Asia.
Dresden: Verlag Zeit im Bild.
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